Sailing Round the World
学习目标
1. 四、六级词汇和短语
accomplish, adventure, attempt, conquer,
contact, cover, damage, determined, device,
dissuade, drag, fortunately, moreover, nearby,
previously, retire, undoubtedly, voyage, waken,
by far, turn over, give up, be determined, all
by oneself, in spite of, set out, can not help,
carry out, dissuade sb from doing sth
2. 结构与句式
(1) must not 绝对不可，不许
(2) unless 后常接从句，表示“除非，如果不”
(3) so …
that
(4) as if
(5) what 引导名词性从句
3. 同义辨析
4. 提高英语听力
5. 阅读理解阅读技巧
6. 提高英语写作
学习建议
本文是一篇记叙文，采用第三人称，按时间顺序记叙了奇切斯特的惊人之旅。文章语言平易生动，叙事繁简得当，重点突出。建议背诵第二段和最后一段。
学习策略和方法
(一)本文回顾了弗朗西斯·奇切斯特环球航行前前后后的故事，脉络清晰，学习课文时可以根据课后问题进行复述，复述时注意尽量使用本课出现的单词和短语。
(二)
词汇记忆
lung n. 肺
[例句]
When you breathe in, you fill the lungs with
air. 你吸气时肺里就充满了空气。
lung cancer肺癌
[联想]
人体部分器官有，mouth,
nose, eye, lip（唇）,
tongue, throat（喉）,
breast, heart, blood-vessel (血管),
liver (肝),
stomach, kidney (肾)
(三)
关于意志的表达法
本课通过记叙奇切斯特环球航行前及航行中的经历和困境，赞扬了他非凡的勇气和坚韧的意志。下面我们来列举一些有关意志的表达方式。
will / determination 意志，决心
a strong / a firm / an iron will 坚强的/坚定的/钢铁般的意志
to have a will that conquers / overcomes all
difficulties 具有战胜一切困难的意志
a man of strong will 意志坚强的人
to exercise one’s will 行使意志力
to harden / steel /strain one’s will 锻炼意志
to make up one’s mind ; to be determined
下定决心
to give up half way; to learn something
unfinished 半途而废
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竞成。
Persistence means victory. 坚持就是胜利。
The secret of success is constancy of purpose.
成功的秘诀在于持之以恒。
课文辅导
（一）
内容概述
弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在试图环球飞行失败后,
决定进行环球航行。1966年，尽管当时患有肺癌，六十五岁的他仍然独自驾驶一艘小快艇开始了他的惊人之旅。航海行程28，500英里，历时九个月，其间他经历了种种的困难，战胜了自己的恐惧，最后完成了他的冒险航行。
（二）
背景知识
1. 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特爵士
(Sir Francis Chichester) 英国冒险家，1901年生于英国。1929年驾双翼飞机独飞澳大利亚。两年后，又进行历史上首次环球飞行，未果。二战后兴趣转向航海，仍以环球航行为主。五十八岁时参加首届横渡大西洋比赛，获冠军。1966年8月，他开始了本篇课文描写的环球航行，9个月后航行顺利结束，伊利莎白女王二世封他为爵士。
2. Knight & knighthood（骑士和封爵）
骑士原本指中世纪时期效忠于皇室的战士，以骑术和骁勇善战而闻名。现代的爵士只是一种荣誉封号，用来奖励那些在不同领域为人类和国家做出杰出贡献的人。封爵仪式由女王或国王主持，在英国，受封人姓名前加上Sir或Dame的称呼。
（三）
重点词汇精讲
1.
single-handed
adj. & adv. 单独的(地)
[例句]
He accomplished the task by his single-handed
efforts. 他靠一个人的力量完成了任务。
The job cannot be done single-handed.
这项工作一个人无法完成。
[联想]
形容词＋名词＋-ed构成形容词，有些也可作动词。如，absent-minded心不在焉的,
blue-eyed蓝眼睛的,
warm-hearted热心的,
good-natured脾气好的
2.
adventure
n. 冒险；冒险活动
[例句]
a life of adventure充满惊险刺激的生活
He likes to talk about his adventures in Africa.
他喜欢谈他在非洲的冒险经历。
[同义词辨析]
venture, adventure
venture 尤指商业上的风险投资，冒险事业。如，a
business venture商业冒险；joint
venture合资企业
adventure
冒险，探险，多指经历一种令人兴奋的经历，所涉行为不一定非含危险之意。如，The
pleasant adventures in the mountains were
suddenly put to a stop by the war.
战争使这些山野里的愉快冒险突然中止了。
3.
fail
v. 失败；不能，无法做到
[例句]
He failed after all his labors.
他虽然十分辛勤，但仍旧失败了。
Our food and water soon failed us.
我们的食物和饮水快完了。
Words failed me here. 这时我激动得说不出话来。
I failed (in) my examination. 我考试没有及格。
The car failed to climb the hill.
汽车无法爬上这个山坡。
[相关词汇]
failure n. 失败
4.
determined
adj.坚定的，坚决的
[例句]
She is a determined woman who always gets what
she wants. 她是一个总能把自己想要的一切都弄到手的意志坚决的女人。
She was determined that no one should know her
real name. 她决心不让任何人知道她的真名。
[相关词汇]
determine 确定，决定；决心
determination n. 决心，决定
[例句]
His future has not been determined, but he may
study medicine. 他将来何去何从尚未决定，但他可能去学医。
He determined to get there first. 他决定第一个到那儿。
A serous illness determined him to give up
smoking. 一场重病使他戒烟。
They determined on an early start.
他们决定早点出发。
[同义词辨析]determine,
decide, make up one’s mind
a. determine指下决心并坚持到底
b. decide指事先经过考虑或商讨，在几种可能中作出决定和选择。
c. make up one’s mind强调打定主意不动摇，与迟疑相对。
[例句]
I don’t know which one to take ----- I’ll let
you to decide. 我不知道拿哪一个好，你来定吧。
I don’t think she has made up her mind to tell
the truth to her mother.
我想她还没有打定主意把真相告诉她母亲。
5.
retire
v. 退休；退下，撤退；就寝
[例句]
Professors usually retire at 60 in China.
在中国教授通常六十岁退休。
They retired her on full pay. 他们让她全职退休。
Our armies have retired to regroup for a fresh
attack. 我们的部队已经撤下来重新整编，以便发起新的进攻。
[相关词汇]
retired adj. 退休了的
retirement n. 退休
6.
voyage
n. v.航行，航海
[例句]
When I give up work, I shall go on/make/take a
long sea voyage. 我辞去工作之后，要去做海上长途旅行。
[相关搭配]
in the voyage of life 在人生的旅途中
go on a voyage 航海去
set out (up)on a voyage 出航
make a voyage across an ocean 横渡大洋
7.
route
n. 路线，路程
[例句]
What’s the shortest route from Beijing to
Dalian? 从北京到大连最短的路线怎么走？
to plan one’s route 计划某人的路线
[联想]
routine 常规，例行公事
root 根，是route
的同音词
8.
crew
n. 全体船员，全体乘务员
[例句]
The air crash killed all the passengers and
crew. 所有的乘客和机组人员在空难中全部罹难。
[注意]
集合名词不能用冠词“a”来修饰也不能加复数-s/-es。集合名词作主语时，如看成整体，谓语动词用单数；如看成个体，谓语动词用复数。
[联想]
类似的集合名词还有：
audience 观众，听众
committee 委员，委员会
family 家庭，家庭成员
company 公司
police 警察
staff 职员
team 队
9.
steer
v. 为…掌舵，驾驶
[例句]
You steer and I’ll push. 你来掌方向盘，我来推。
He managed to steer the discussion away from the
subject of money. 他设法把讨论内容从钱的话题上岔开了。
We turned the car round and steered for home.
我们调转车向家驶去。
10.
device
n. 装置，器具
[相关搭配]
a device for measuring pressure测压装置
an explosive device爆破装置
[相关词汇]
devise v. 设计，发明
[例句]
They devised a plan for getting the jewels out
of the country. 他们想出了把珠宝运出国外的办法。
[联想]
英语中有以-ice结尾的名词，其动词形式以-ise结尾，如，practice
--- practice, advice ---- advise
11.
damage
v. 损失，损害，损毁
[相关搭配]
damage a fence /a car 损毁栅栏/汽车
n. 损失，损害，损毁
[例句]
The accident did a lot of damage to the car.
这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。
12.
cover
v. 覆盖，遮盖；行过（路程）；涉及，包括
[例句]
He covered the body with a sheet.
他用床单覆盖尸体。
The car can cover 200 km an hour.
这辆汽车每小时可以行驶200公里。
The report covers every part we are discussing
now. 这份报告包括我们现在讨论的每一部分。
[相关词组]
be covered with 以…覆盖
cover up 掩饰，隐藏
[例句]
He tried to cover up his nervousness.
他竭力掩饰内心的紧张。
13.
attempt
v. 尝试，试图
[例句]
The second question was so difficult that I didn’t
even attempt it. 第二道题太难了，我连碰都不敢碰。
He attempted to leave but was stopped.
他试图离开，但被阻止了。
I attempted walking along the rope.
我试着走绳索。
n. 尝试，试图
[例句]
They made no attempt to escape/at escaping.
他们并未图谋逃跑。
My first attempt at a chocolate cake tasted
horrible. 我初次做的巧克力蛋糕难吃极了。
14.
dissuade
v. 劝阻
[例句]
The police managed to dissuade him from jumping
off the building. 警方已设法劝他不要从大楼上跳下来。
[同义词]
persuade 劝说，
说服
[用法]
persuade sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
persuade sb to do / not to do sth 说服某人做/不做某事
[例句]He
persuaded her into/out of going to the party. 他说服她参加/不参加这次聚会。
[相关词汇]
dissuasion n. 劝阻；dissuasive
劝阻的
15.
fortunately
adv. 幸运地，幸亏
[例句]
I was late , but fortunately the meeting hadn’t
started. 我迟到了，幸好会议还没开始。
[相关词汇]
fortune n. 机会，运气；
fortunate adj. 幸运的；unfortunate
adj. 不幸的；
unfortunately adv.不幸地
[例句]
I was fortunate to have / in having a good
teacher. 我很幸运，有位好老师。
It was very fortunate for him that I arrived on
time. 我按时到了，算他走运。
He had the good fortune to be chosen for a trip
abroad. 他真幸运，被选中出国旅行。
I was unfortunate enough to lose my keys.
我把钥匙丢了，真倒霉。
Unfortunately, they were out when we called.
真遗憾，我们打电话时他们出去了。
16.
contact
n. 接触
[例句]
They avoided eye contact all evening.
他们整晚都避免看对方。
Many people are afraid of contacts with AIDS
patients. 很多人都害怕与艾滋病人接触。
[相关搭配]
be in / out of contact with 与……有
/ 失去联系
lose contact with与……失去联系
establish / make contact with与……建立联系
v. 接触,
联系
Do you often contact your old classmates?
你经常同老同学保持联系吗？
[联想]
拼写相似的词有：contract合同，契约；contrast
对比，对照；content
内容
17.
nearby
adj. & adv. 附近(的)
[相关搭配]
a nearby town附近的城镇
A football match was being played nearby.
附近正在举行一场足球赛。
18.
following
adj. 其次的，接着的;
下述的
[例句]
It rained on the day we arrived, but the
following day was sunny.
我们到达的那天正下着雨，但次日天气晴朗。
Answer the following questions. 回答下列问题。
n. 一批拥护者或支持者；下列，如下
[例句]
He has a large following in the south.
他在南方有大批支持者。
The following are extracts from the original
articles. 下面是原文的节选。
prep. 在……之后；由于
[相关搭配]
demonstrations following the murder of the union
leader 继工会领袖遭暗杀后引发的示威游行
19.
drag
v. 拖，拉
[例句]
The cat was dragging its broken leg.
那只猫拖着断腿吃力地走。
We dragged the fallen tree to clear off the
road. 我们把倒下的树从路上拖走。
20.
accomplish
v. 完成；达到目的
[例句]
She’s accomplished a great deal in the last few
weeks. 在过去几周里，她完成了相当多的工作。
accomplish one’s aim / task达到目的
/ 完成任务
[相关词汇]
accomplished adj. 有才艺的；有（艺术）造诣的
accomplishment n. 才能，才艺；成就，完成，实现
21.
conquer
v. 攻取，占领；征服；克服，驾御；赢得，引起
[例句]
a conquered city 被占领的城市
France conquered the nation in 16th century.
法国在十六世纪征服了这个国家。
He conquered his fear of driving a car.
他克服了驾驶汽车的恐惧。
He conquered her completely. 他完全征服了她。
[相关词汇]
conquest n. 征服，制伏；克服
conqueror n. 征服者
22.
undoubtedly
adv. 不容质疑地，毫无疑问地，肯定地
[例句]
That is undoubtedly true. 那肯定是真的。
[相关词汇]
doubt n. v. 怀疑
doubtful adj. 充满疑心的，不能确定的，可疑的
doubtless adv. 很可能；无疑地，肯定地
[比较]
no doubt多半，很可能；无疑地
without doubt = certainly 毫无疑问
no doubt及更为正式的doubtless可仅用来表示“我认为”或“我同意”；而without
doubt 及undoubtedly表达一种了解事实真相的较为强烈的意义。
[例句]
No doubt he was just trying to help.
他多半只是想帮帮忙。
It will doubtless rain on the day of the garden
party. 举行露天招待会那天很可能会下雨。
It was without doubt the most successful film of
the year. 这毫无疑问是全年最成功的影片。
There will undoubtedly be trouble with the
unions if she is dismissed.
如果她被解雇，毫无疑问会发生涉及到工会的纠纷。
（四）重点词组
1.
set out
a. 出发，上路
＝
set off
b. set sth out 安排或摆放物件;
陈述，宣布
( = set forth)
c. set out to do sth 开始做某事
[例句]
She set out at dawn. 她天一亮就动身了。
We need to set out chairs for the meeting.
我们要为会议摆好桌子。
She set out the reasons for her resignation in a
long letter. 她在一封长信里阐明了辞职原因。
We set out to paint the whole house but finished
only the front part.
我们开始油漆整座房子，但只完成了前面部分。
2.
give up
放弃，抛弃，中止
[例句]
He had to give up his studies through lack of
money. 由于没有钱，他不得不辍学。
I’ve given up eating meat. 我已经不吃肉了。
The boy was given up for dead.
那男孩被认为已经死掉了。
3.
be determined to do
决心，坚决
[例句]
I’m determined to go and nothing will stop me.
我决心要去，什么也拦不住我。
4.
carry out
实行，执行，完成；履行
[例句]
They are carrying out urgent repairs.
他们正在做抢修工作。
It is said that these attacks were carried out
by the terrorists. 据说这些袭击是恐怖分子发动的。
[相关词组]
carry on 继续做，坚持
[例句]
We can carry on our discussion after lunch.
午饭后我们可以继续讨论。
5.
plenty of
许多，大量的
[例句]
There is plenty of rain in this region all year
round. 这一地区终年雨量充足。
[注意]
既可接复数可数名词又可接不可数名词的短语有：a
lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of;
只能接不可数名词的有：a
great deal of, a large amount of等；只能接可数名词复数的短语有a
number of, a great many等。
6.
(all) by oneself
独自地，单独地
[例句]
He can’t paint the house all by himself.
他不可能独自粉刷房间。
She was there all by herself. 她一个人在那儿。
7.
in spite of
= despite 尽管，不顾
[例句]
I went out in spite of the rain.尽管下雨，我仍然外出。
In spite of all his efforts, he failed once
more.尽管竭尽所能，他又失败了。
8.
by far
= by a great amount or degree ……得多
[例句]
It is quicker by far to go by train.乘火车要快得多。
The last novel of his is by far the best he has
written.
他最后写的那部小说是他所写的小说之中最好的。
This one is by far the better of the two.
这个在两个之中要好得多。
[注意]
与形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用时，置于这类词之后；若这类词带有冠词the或a时，则置于这类词之前或之后均可。
9.
turn over（使）翻倒，（使）倾覆
[例句]
The car struck the wall and turned over.
汽车撞在墙上翻了。
When his clock went off he just turned over and
went back to sleep. 铃声响了，他只是翻了个身又睡着了。
（五）长难句过关
1. In August, 1966 at the age of nearly
sixty-five, an age when many men retire,
…
[译文]1966年8月，在他快65
岁时–––––
在这个年龄许多人都退休了……
[解析]此句中an
age when…做at
the age of nearly
sixty-five的同位语，进行补充说明；when引导的定语从句修饰an
age。
retire在这里用一般现在时来说明情况。
2. This was twice the distance anyone had
previously sailed alone.
[译文]这比以往任何一次单人航海的最远航程多一倍多。
[解析]anyone
had previously sailed alone是定语从句，修饰the
distance。
句型
…
times + the + 名词
(＋
of) 是…的几倍
[例句]
This month the factory has produced three times
the number of machines in May.
该厂本月生产的机器数量是五月份的三倍。
3. Everybody said the same thing: he had done
enough; he must not go any further.
[译文]大家众口一词，说他已经航行得够远的了，绝对不可再向前继续航行了。
[解析]句型must
not / mustn’t + v. 绝对不可，不许
[例句]
You mustn’t tell a lie. 你不许说谎。
You mustn’t move any of the books on my desk.
你不许挪动我书桌上的书。
[相关搭配]
needn’t / don’t have to不必
[例句]
You needn’t / don’t have to come tomorrow if you
don’t want to. 如果你不想来明天就不必来。
4. The next night, the blackest he had ever
known, the sea became so rough that the boat
almost turned over.
[译文]第二天晚上，这是他所经历的最黑暗的夜晚。大海波涛汹涌几乎将小船掀翻。
[解析]the
blackest he had ever known作the
next night 的同位语,
the blackest后省掉night。定语从句he
had ever known中省掉关系代词that。句型so
…
that如此……以致，引导结果状语从句。
[例句]
He so adores his daughters that he keeps buying
them expensive toys.
他非常疼爱女儿们，经常给她们买贵重的玩具。
It rained so hard that they had to put off the
sports meet. 雨下得太大，他们不得不把运动会延期。
5. Still, he could not help thinking that if
anything should happen, the nearest person he
could contact by radio, unless there was a ship
nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away.
[译文]然而，他仍禁不住想到，如果真有什么意外，他能借助无线电联系的人，最近的也要在885英里以外的岛上，除非附近哪儿有条船。
[解析]该句较长且结构复杂。主句是he
could not help thinking, that引导宾语从句，其中包括if和unless引导的两个条件状语从句及一个定语从句(that0
he could contact by radio。If条件句为虚拟语气，表示一种较小的可能性。
句型：
unless 除非＝if
not
[例句]
He will not come unless we invite him.
除非我们邀请他，不然他不会来的。
Do not leave the building unless instructed to
do so. 除非接到通知，请不要离开这幢大楼。
[同义词辨析]
unless, if not
unless不用于假设的事实，在以下的句子中不能使用unless:
She would have died if the doctors had not saved
her. 要不是医生救了她，她就死了。
If he weren’t so stupid he would understand.
他如果不是那么蠢，就该理解。
6. I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare.
Wild horses could not drag me down to the Cape
Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again.
[译文]我感到好像刚从噩梦中惊醒，就是野马也休想把我拖回到合恩角和那恶魔般的南大洋去。
[解析]a.
as if 所引导的从句谓语常用虚拟语气，表示推测、极小的可能或某种真实的情况。
[例句]
He walks as if he had a wooden leg.他走路的样子就好像装了一只木腿。
She greeted me as if she had known me for
years. 她给我打招呼，好像她认识我好多年了。
b. wild horses是比喻，指“什么力量也不能”。Wild
horses could not drag …本身就含有假设的语气，相当于
“Even
if there were wild horses, they could not drag
…
, 故用could,
不用can。英语中表示假设，虚拟的方法很多，不一定都要用明显的条件句。有些介词、形容词、分词、不定式或从句都可以表示假设条件。
[例句]
A close observer would have noticed it.
如果是一个细心的观察者，就早该注意到了。
With his aid you would have succeeded in it.
要是有他的帮助，你未来会成功的。
I am busy right now, or I would go myself.
我现在很忙，否则我自己就去了。
Given another chance, he would do better.
要是在给他一个机会，他会做得更好。
7. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.
[译文]他完成了他想要完成的事业。
[解析]what引导的名词性从句在句中作宾语。what为复合关系代词，相当于that
which “…的”或all
which “所有…的”。what引导的名词性从句除在句中作宾语外，还可作主语和表语。
[例句]
What was done could not be undone.事已定局，无可挽回。
We didn’t know what he said just now.
我们不知道他刚才说的什么。
This is what I have been saying all these years.
这是我多年来一直讲的话。
同义词辨析
1. travel, voyage, journey, trip
a. voyage 多指海上航行。
b. journey多指长途陆路旅行。
c. travel 旅行的通用词，多指长途的，长时间的旅行，旅行手段不限。
d. trip 旅行，出游，多指近距离的旅行。
[例句]
They made a voyage from England to India.
他们从英国航行至印度。
They decided to take a train journey.
他们决定坐火车旅行。
travel agency 旅行社
He is fond of travel. 他喜欢旅游。
a day trip to the country 乡村一日游
2. route, course, way
a. route 多指设计、规划好的从一地方到另一个地方的路线，也指经常走的路线。
b. course 行动方向，道路
c. way用法比较广泛，统指任何道路和通道
[例句]
a sea route 航海线
an air route 航空线
the course of a river 河的流向
I lost my way in the forest. 我在森林里迷路了。
3. device, machine, appliance, instrument, tool
a. device
是一个通用词，指任何可用于工作的人造物，常含褒义，指某机器或工具很有用处；
b. machine 是由电力等驱动的机器，是为做某种工作而设计的；
c. appliance 是家用电器，也可以叫做(electrical)
appliances;
d. instrument 是一种有助于完成精确或困难工作的仪器，通常不使用动力；
e. tool 是手持工具，通常用来加工木料、金属或其他材料。
[例句]
a device for catching mice捕鼠器
a clever device for locking windows
锁窗的灵巧装置
the machines in the factory 工厂里的机器
Dishwashers and washing machines are electrical
appliances. 洗碗机和洗衣机是家用电器。
A thermometer is a measuring instrument.
温度计是一种测量仪器。
A plough is an instrument used for farming.
犁是用于耕作的工具。
4. damage, destroy, ruin, injure
a. damage 损坏，指部分损害，而降低其价值或使用性
b. destroy 毁坏，多指彻底毁坏而无法修复
c. ruin 毁掉，既可以指具体的事物，
也指抽象的东西如财产，名声，前途等。
d. injure 伤害，多指损害人的外貌，健康等
[例句]
The crops were badly damaged by dust storm.
农作物受到尘暴的严重损害。
They’ve destroyed all the evidence.
他们毁掉了一切证据。
The rain ruined our holiday.
这场雨把我们的假期给毁了。
She was badly injured in the accident.
她在这次事故中受了重伤。
5. finish, complete, accomplish, achieve
a. finish “完成”的常用语，强调完成一件事的最后一步
b. complete 指成功地做完未做的事，强调使…
完整起来或更完善
c. accomplish
“完成，达到”，强调做成一件事的过程，表示达到预期的目的，多用作书面用语
d. achieve “实现”指努力完成艰巨、困难的工作
[例句]
The house will be finished after it is painted.
粉刷后，房屋就完工了。
I need one more stamp before my collection is
completed. 我还需要一张邮票我的收藏就齐全了。
The task won’t be accomplished by one
generation. 这项任务不是一代人能完成的。
Nothing would stop me from achieving my
ambition. 什么也阻挡不了我实现我的雄心壮志。
6. wake, waken, awake, awaken
a. wake 醒来，为普通用语，多为不及物动词，
与up搭配，其动词为不规则变化woke,
waken
b. waken 叫醒，为正式用语，多用作及物动词，规则变化
c. awake醒来，正式用语，多用作不及物动词，不规则变化，并常用于“觉悟，觉醒”的比喻意义。习惯用法awake
to sth.意为“开始意识到，认识到”；另外，awake还可用作形容词，意为“醒着的”
d. awaken
唤醒，引起，多作及物动词，表示状态，并常用于引申意义，被动结构用得较多。
[例句]
She usually wakes (up) early. 她通常醒得很早。
We were wakened by a loud noise.
我们被很响的声音惊醒。
We must awake to the dangers of our country.
我们必须认识到我国面临的危险。
I have lain awake all night thinking of them.
我彻夜未眠，想念着他们。
His story awakened our interest.
他说的事引起了我们的兴趣。
学习误区警示
1. doubt 的用法
doubt 既可作名词也可作动词，在否定陈述句中动词doubt后接that,
在其他陈述句中接whether或if;
名词doubt前有no或not时后面要接that。
[例句]
I don’t doubt that he is telling the truth.我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。
I doubt whether he is telling the truth. = I do
not believe he is telling the truth.
我不相信他在讲真话。
There is no doubt that he is guilty.
他一定有罪。
It seems to me that there is some doubt (as to)
whether he is guilty. 在我看来，他是否有罪还不一定。
2. 比较in
spite of, despite和although,
though的用法
a. in spite of 是复合介词，后接名词或代词；
b. despite本身是介词，与in
spite of 同义，后接名词或代词，不能再加of;
c. although和though是连词，后接从句。
[例句]
In spite of all his riches, he is never
contented. 尽管他很富有，他从来也不感到满足。
Demand for these cars is high, despite their
high price. 尽管这些汽车价钱昂贵，对它们的需求仍然很多。
He won first prize, though none of us had
expected it. 他得了头奖，虽然这件事我们都没想到。
Although my car is very old, it still runs very
well. 我的车尽管很旧了，但跑得还很好。
3. can not help (doing sth.), can’t help but
(do)禁不住
a. can not help (doing sth.) 禁不住,
后接动词
–ing形式；
b. can’t help but (do) 不得不，只好做，后接动词原形
[例句]
The little girl couldn’t help crying at the sad
news. 听到这坏消息，小姑娘禁不住哭起来。
It was a rash thing to do, yet one cannot but
admire her courage. 这事做得过于鲁莽，然而不能不佩服她的勇气。
I could not but admit that he was right and I
was wrong. 我不得不承认他对了，我错了。
4. damage的搭配
damage作名词时与动词do连用，而不是make。类似的有：
do (great /much /severe/ serious) damage to对…造成（很大）伤害
do harm to 对…有害
do good to 对…有益
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