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The Sampler

学习目标

1. 四、六级词汇和短语

advantage, afford, appearance, cheat, crowd, delicious, elderly, eventually, evident, figure, heavy, intention, occasionally, pack, positive privilege, prosperous, purchase, sample select, suspect, worn long, lay out, in a row, to one’s taste, take advantage of, for instance, and what’s more, all right, break off, come down (in the world), do sb. a favour, mistake … for, pull out, count out, long for

2. 结构与句式

3. 同义辨析

1) choose, select, pick, opt (for), elect

2) suspect, doubt

3) among, amidst, between

4) advantage, benefit, profit, interest

学习特点

本文在叙述故事时用了很多细节描述，主次分明，用了较多的笔墨描述老人的衣着、形象、表情，使一位衣着破旧但很整洁、破落但不失高傲的老人的形象跃然纸上，在繁华的背景下形成强烈的对比，使读者产生共鸣，为老人晚景凄凉感到心酸，为“我”因考虑不周而伤害老人感到惋惜。

学习策略和方法

（一）词汇记忆

1. author n. 作者；创始人

[联想] authoress n. 女作家 authorship n. 写作生涯 authoritative adj. 有权威的，可靠的 authority n. 权力，权威 authorization n. 授权，委托，认可 authorize v.

授权，委托，认可

2. limp v. 跛行

[举例] That dog must be hurt ---- he’s limping. 那条狗准是受了伤 –––– 一拐一拐的。

The injured footballer limped slowly off the field. 受伤的足球队员跛着脚慢慢走出场地。

n. 跛行

[联想] 有关“行走”的词语： walk 行走 amble 漫步 stroll 闲逛 wander 徘徊 stride 跨大步走 march 行进 pace 踱步 ramble 漫游 stagger 蹒跚 totter 踉跄

3. sincere adj. 真实的，诚挚的；诚实的，直率的

[举例] sincere friendship / affection / dislike诚挚的友谊/真诚的爱/真正的厌恶

She wasn’t entirely sincere when she said she liked me. 她说她喜欢我，这话有些言不由衷。

[同义] honest, earnest, true, genuine, wholehearted, truthful, frank

[派生] sincerely adv. 诚恳地 sincerity n. 诚恳；诚挚；真诚

4. crowd n. 人群；群众；一群

v. 拥挤，聚集

[举例] a crowd of people 一大群人

There was / were a crowd of people in the park. 公园里有许多人。

Customers crowded the store. 顾客挤满了这家商店。

[同义] mass, people

[比较] crude adj. 天然的，未加工的 crow v. 啼叫 crown n. 王冠，君权，君王

[词组] follow / go with / move with the crowd 跟随大众，附和大众 in crowds 成群地

raise oneself / rise above the crowd出类拔萃，出人头地

5. pitiful adj. 令人怜悯的，可怜的；可鄙的

[举例] a pitiful sight 可怜的情景

Their suffering was pitiful to see. 他们受的苦让人见了感到同情。

pitiful lies 卑劣的谎言

[派生] pity n. & v. 同情，怜悯 pitiless adj. 无情的，残酷的；严酷的

pitifully adv. 令人怜悯地；可鄙地 pitiable adj. 令人怜悯的，可怜的；可鄙的

（二）课文学习

Pre-questions for the text:

1. How many stories are there in the story? And who are they?

2. What are laid out in the row in the store during the Christmas season?

3. What does the narrator ---- “I” in the story ---- often wonder?

4. What does the shop girl tell him when he asks her this question?

5. Is the shop girl friendly to the old man when he turns up in the store? How do you know?

6. Is the old man shocked when the narrator offers to buy him some puddings?

7. Does the old man accept the narrator’s offer?

8. What does the old man have in his worn black pocketbook?

9. Just make a guess: In what country dies the story take place? What are the words or expressions that give you the clue?

(Suggested answer: The story must have taken place in Britain; the old man pays for the pudding with “shilling and pennies”.)

Suggested activities:

1. Topic for discussion: Why does the old man come to the store every week and sample each of the puddings?

Suggested answer:

1) old and poor:

“elderly”; “wrinkled face”; “poorly dressed”; could not afford a pudding; having only “coins”in his “worn little black pocketbook”

2) short and thin: the “little black figure ”

3) sensitive and dignified: “He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his winkled face.”

Denying knowing the narrator “in a loud voice” and with “dignity”

4) Proud and wanting to save face: “Forced ”to buy “one of the largest and most expensive of the puddings”; keeping on “trying to put the coins ”into the showgirl’s hand; never coming back again

5) well-educated his choice of words

4. Write a summary:

One day, in a certain store, I met an elderly gentleman whom the shop girl said often came during the Christmas season and took advantage of free samples of the delicious puddings there. In a burst of benevolence, I went up to him and offered to buy him a pudding. He was very much shocked and hurt. To save his “honor”, he was forced into buying one of the most expensive puddings with all the shillings and pennies he had in his worn black pocketbook. After the event, he never came back to the store again. I wish I had not said such tactless words to him.

课文辅导

（一）内容概述

本文叙述了作者 –––– 一位年轻人在布丁店与一位“家道败落，自尊犹存”的老先生偶然相遇的故事。老先生经常利用商店先尝后买的优惠占便宜。当作者出于怜悯主动提出替他购买布丁时，他的自尊心受到了伤害，被迫买了一个最贵的布丁以保全面子。

文章为我们提供了三个要点：其一，的确有一些人，他们根本无意或无能力购买，而利用品尝的便利机会占便宜；其二，善意并非总能带来好的结果；其三，一些老人的晚年处境让人同情，让人心酸。

（二）背景知识

1．西方老人概况：

在西方老人退休之后经济上和心理上都会有较大变化。经济上他们收入减少。尽管他们还能从政府或以前的雇主那儿得到一些退休金，但比他们工作时少得多。所以他们工作时若不尽可能地存点钱，退休后的生活质量将急剧下降。从心理上看，在西方国家，老年人通常被认为是无用的，对他们的家庭和社会都是一个负担，所以很少能得到应有的尊重。另外，由于退休前他们总是潜心于工作，所以退休后他们不知道如何消遣娱乐，极易感到空虚无聊。他们觉得他们仍然应该工作，因为只有工作才能让他们受到更多的尊重，他们的技术才会得到认可。

2．免费品尝：

商家通常用免费品尝食品作为一种招徕顾客的竞争手段。如果哪家商店提供一些产品免费让顾客品尝，那么去哪家商店光顾的人会更多。商家提供新种类的食品和饮料给顾客品尝，希望顾客如果觉得味道不错就会花钱买。如果一次又一次地品尝而从不掏钱买，这种行为通常不为社会接受。

（三）重点词汇精讲

1. intention n. 目的，意图

[举例] I had no intention of changing my mind. 我不打算改变我的想法。

[联想] intend v. 计划，打算，想要 intent n. 目的，意图 intentional adj. 有意的，故意的

2. delicious adj. 美味的，可口的，芬芳的；有趣的，宜人的

[例句] a delicious cake 美味的蛋糕

a delicious joke 有趣的笑话

Chinese food is generally considered delicious. 中餐通常被认为是美味的。

[同义] tasty, appetizing, palatable; delightful

[派生] deliciously adv. 美味的

3. select v. 选择，挑选(尤指最好的或最合适的)

[例句] select a gift / candidate / wine 挑选礼物/候选人/葡萄酒

Who has been selected to take part in the project? 挑上谁来参与这项计划？

adj. 仔细挑选的，尤指精选的；选择成员严格的

[举例] select passages of Milton’s poetry 弥尔顿诗选

a select group of top scientists 最优秀科学家小组

[派生] selection n. 选择，挑选，选拔；挑选出的事项或人；可供挑选的事项

selector n. 负责挑选的人，选择器

selective adj. 选择的，选择性的；挑拣的

4. sample n. 货样，样品，标本；赠样

[举例] a sample of his handwriting 他的手写的样本

a blood / urine / tissue sample 血/尿/组织的样

hand out free samples of the perfume 送出香水的赠样

v. 取样，抽样

[举例] sample the delights of Chinese food 品尝中国美食

We sampled opinion among the workers about changes in working methods. 我们抽样调查工人对改变工作方法的看法。

[派生] sampler n. 品尝家

5. purchase n. 购买，购买之物

[举例] They began to regret the purchase of such a big house. 他们开始后悔不该买这么大的房子。

I have some purchases to make in town. 我要去城里买些东西。

v. 购买

[举例] purchasing power 购买力

Employees are encouraged to purchase shares in the firm. 该企业号召工人购买其股票。

He purchased the land for two hundred thousand dollars. 他以二十万美元买了那块地。

[派生] purchaser n. 买主，购买者

purchasable adj. 可购买的，能买到的

6. advantage n. 利益，优点，长处；优势；便利，方便

[举例] There are several advantages in city life. 都市生活有几个优点。

She’s got the job because she had the advantages (over others) of knowing many languages. 因为她有(别人所无的)懂多种语言的长处，所以得到了这项工作。

There’ll be no advantage in waiting any longer. 再等下去一点好处也没有。

[词组] take advantage of 利用 to advantage 有利地；显眼地

to one’s advantage / to the advantage of 对人有利的(地)

[举例] We took advantage of the fine weather to go / and went on a hike. 我们利用晴朗的天气去远足。

He takes advantage of her kindness and borrows money too often. 他利用她人好心软，三番两次向她借钱。

This frame will show off the painting to more advantage. 这个画框会使这幅画更显眼。

It’ll be to your advantage to study abroad. 留学会对你有好处。

[派生] advantageous adj. 有利的，顺利的，有益的

7. privilege n. 特权，优待；恩典，殊荣，荣幸；权利

[举例] Parking in this street is the privilege of the residents. 在这条街上停车是此处居民特有的权利。

She had led a life of luxury and privilege. 她过着养尊处优的生活。

Use of the library is a privilege, not a right. 使用该图书馆是一项特殊的照顾，而不是一种权利。

[派生] privileged adj. 享有特权的

8. suspect v. 猜疑，怀疑

[举例] She was found dead in her apartment, and the police suspected murder. 她被发现死在公寓房里，警察怀疑是谋杀。

They suspect him of murder / giving false evidence. 他们怀疑他谋杀/提供伪证。

n. 可疑分子，嫌疑犯

adj. 可疑的，令人怀疑的

[派生] suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑，涉嫌；疑心

suspicious adj. 猜疑的，疑心的，多疑的；可疑的

9. occasional adj. 偶然的，偶尔的

[举例] He pays me occasional visits. 他偶尔来看看我。

There will be occasional showers during the day. 白天将偶有阵雨。

[派生] occasion n. 场合；时机；理由

occasionally adv. = now and then, at times 偶然地，不时地，有时

He visits me occasionally. 他偶尔来看看我。

10. heavy adj. (食物)难消化的 = fatty, greasy

[举例] a heavy fruitcake 不好消化的水果蛋糕

Heavy food is not good for the patient. 油腻的食物不适合那个病人。

[搭配] heavy crops 丰收 a heavy heart 沉重的心情 heavy soil 难耕种的土地

a heavy sea 汹涌的大海 heavy bread 没有发起来的面包 a heavy sleep 熟睡

a heavy day 工作艰苦的一天 a heavy drinker / smoker 酒鬼/烟鬼

find sth heavy going 觉得某事很难

find sb. heavy going觉得某事很难了解；觉得某人说的话很乏味

be heavy with sth 有大量某物 a heavy hand 严厉的控制 heavy industry 重工业

11. evident adj. 明显的，明白的＝ clear, apparent, obvious

[举例] It must be evident to all of you that he has made a serious mistake. 你们一定很清楚，他犯了个严重的错误。

He looked at his children with evident pride. 他看着自己的孩子，充满自豪。

[派生] evidence n. 证据 evidently adv. 明显地

12. eventually adv. = in the end, at last, finally

[举例] He fell ill and eventually died. 他患病而终于不治。

Eventually he tired of trying so hard. 他最后厌倦了这种艰苦的尝试。

[派生] eventual adj. 最后的，最终的

13. positive adj. 明确的，确实的；确信的；肯定的；积极的

[举例] a positive fact 确定的事实 give a positive refusal 断然拒绝

Are you positive of / about his honesty? = Are you positive that he is honest? 你确信他诚实吗？

receive a positive answer 得到肯定的回答

Try to have positive attitudes on everything. 对每件事都要采取积极的态度。

[反义] negative adj. 否定的，消极的

[派生] positively adv. 明确地，断然，坚决地；实在，确实

positiveness n. 确实性；积极性

14. prosperous adj. 成功的，兴旺的，繁荣的

[举例] a prosperous country / businessman / industry 繁荣昌盛的国家/事业成功的实业家/兴旺发达的工业

[派生] prosper v. 成功，兴旺 prosperity n. 成功，富足，幸运；繁荣 prosperously adv. 成功地，兴旺地；繁荣地

15. figure n. 数字；图解；图案；画像；身材

[举例] He has an income of six figures. 他冲破六位数字的收入。

The figure on page 22 shows a political map of Africa. 第22页的插图是非洲的政区图。

The central figure in the painting is the artist’s daughter. 画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。

I’m dieting to keep my figure. 我正在节食以保持身材。

v. 扮演，出现；以为，认为

[举例] His name did not figure in the list of those who had received awards. 他的名字没有出现在获奖者的名单上。

The vice-president figured prominently in the peace negotiations. 副总统在和谈中扮演了很突出的一个角色。

I figured that you’d want to see me about it. 我想你会为这件事来找我的。

[词组] figure sth in 计算在内 figure on sth 计划，指望

figure sb / sth out 理解，弄明白；演算出，计算出

[举例] Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday? 你把我们度假的食物费用计算进去了吗？

I figure on being in New York in January. 我计划一月份在纽约。

I’ve never been able to figure him out. 我一直都不能理解他。

Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost? 你算出假期得花多少钱了吗？

16. sting v. 螫伤，刺伤；感到剧痛；激怒，热闹

[举例] A bee stung me on the cheek. 一只蜜蜂螫了我的脸。

My eyes are stinging from the smoke. 我的眼睛让烟熏得很疼。

Her insult stung him into making a rude reply . 她侮辱了他，气得他粗鲁地反唇相讥。

17. wrinkle n. 皱纹；褶子

[举例] She’s beginning to get wrinkles around her eyes. 她眼角上开始出现皱纹了。

She pressed her skirt to try to remove all the wrinkles. 她熨她的裙子，想把褶都熨平。

v. 起皱纹、皱褶；皱起

The paper has wrinkled where it got wet. 这张纸湿的地方起皱了。

[派生] wrinkled adj. 有皱纹的

18. dignity n. 高尚的品质；尊严；尊贵；威严；典雅

[举例] Only a truly free person has human dignity. 只有真正自由的人才具有人的尊严。

answer with dignity 威严地回答

[词组] stand on one’s dignity维持尊严，自矜身份

[派生] dignify v. 使威严，使高贵 dignified adj. 威严的，庄严的，高贵的

19. appearance n. 出现，显出；外表，样子

[举例] His sudden appearance surprised me. 他突然出现，使我感到惊讶。

Never judge a man by appearance. 不要以貌取人。

[派生] appear v. 出现

20. pack v. 包装，装入；打包；挤入

[举例] Have you packed all your things? 你所有的东西都包好了吗？

He packed a suitcase with his clothes. = He packed his clothes into a suitcase. 他把衣服装入手提箱。

Some sixty people were packed into the old bus. 大约六十人挤入那辆破旧公共汽车。

n. 包裹，捆，行李；一套；一群

The hiker carried a pack on his back. 那徒步旅行者背着一包行李。

a pack of wolves / thieves 一群狼/一伙盗贼

21. stand n. 货摊，摊位；立场，观点；看台；停止；停顿

[举例] a newspaper stand = a newsstand 报摊

[联想] take one’s stand 宣布立场 make a stand 准备抵抗 a music-stand 乐谱架

a cab-stand 出租汽车站 open stands 露天看台 the grandstand 大看台

take the stand 作证 a good stand of wheat 生长旺盛的小麦

stand firm / fast 坚定 stand clear (of sth) 离开，站开 stand at ease 稍息

stand one’s ground 坚持立场 stand sb sth 付帐

stand treat 请客 stand a (good / poor, etc) chance 有(很大，很大)成功的机会

22. worn adj. 破烂的，损坏的

[举例] Although the man had a worn suit, he was rich.

虽然那个男人穿着破旧的西服，但他很有钱。

[派生] wear v. 穿，用旧，磨损 worn-out adj. 破旧的；精疲力尽的

23. long v. 渴望

[举例] We are all longing for peace. 我们都渴望和平。

He longs to see her again. 他渴望再次见到她。

[派生] longing n. 向往，渴望，热望 longingly adv. 渴望地

adj. 长的，长时间的，长期的

n. 长时间，长时期

adv. 长久，长期地

[词组] so /as long as 只要，如果 before long 不久以后 in the long run 从长远看 at the longest 最久，最多，最长

24. coin n. 硬币，钱币

[举例] The old man owned five gold coins. 那位老人有5枚金币。

v. 创造

[派生] coinage n. 铸币；币制；新造的词 coiner n. 伪造钱币者

[词组] a small heap of coins 一小堆钱币 gold and silver coins 金币和银币 false coin 假币

the other side of the coin 事情的另一个方面 coin a phrase 创造（或杜撰）一个词语

coin money 暴富 pay sb in his own coin 以牙还牙

（四）重点词组

1. lay out 展开，展示；陈列；设计，布置

[举例] She laid out the map on the table. 她把地图展开铺在桌上。

The garden is laid out in a formal pattern. 这花园是按正规式样布置的。

Cf. lay aside 把…搁置一旁；留存，储存

lay down 放下；规定，制订

lay off 解雇

[举例] The plan has been laid aside. 这计划被搁置在一边。

The enemy laid down their arms. 敌人放下了武器.

During the recession they laid us off for three months. 在营业衰退时期，他们停雇了我们三个月。

2. in a row 成一长行；连续，一连串

[举例] Children were hand in hand in a row. 小孩子们手牵着手站成一排。

He has been absent for five days in a row. 他已经连续缺席五天了。

3. to one’s taste 合乎某人口味的

[举例] The book you sent me was quite to my taste. Popular music is not to everyone’s taste.

流行音乐并不适合所有人的口味。

4. take advantage of 利用

[举例] They took full advantage of the hotel’s facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。

She took advantage of my generosity. 她利用了我的慷慨。

5. and what’s more而且，更为重要的是 = in addition, also, and more importantly

[举例] He’s dirty, and what’s more he smells. 他很脏，而且身上还有味呢。

They are going to get married, and what’s more they are setting up in business together. 他们就要结婚了，而且还要一起做生意呢。

6. break off 停止讲话；折断；中断，中止

[举例] He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话只说了一半就停住了。

The door handle has broken off. 门的把手断了。

They’ve broken off their engagement. 他们已经解除了婚约。

Cf. break away突然离开，强行逃脱 break down 损坏

break in 闯入，插嘴 break into强行闯入 break out 爆发，突然出现

7. come down (in the world) 败落，没落；（物价）下跌；传下来 = become poor, lose social position

[举例] Poor old George has come down in the world since his business failed. 自从可怜的老乔治生意破产后，他的家境就败落了。

I don’t think meat will come down this year, do you? 我认为肉价不会下跌，你看呢？

This song comes down to us from the 10th century. 这首歌是十世纪传下来的。

8. out of place 不在适当的位置；不适宜

[举例] The luxurious furnishings would not have been out of place in a palace. 这些华丽的家具放在宫殿里也不会逊色。

It was out of place for him to make that remark. 你不应当说那些话（你说的那番话很不合适）。

[反义] in place 在平常的或应在的地方；合适的；恰当的

9. mistake … for 把…错认为

[举例] She is often mistaken for her twin sister. 她常被误认为是她的孪生妹妹。

10. pull out 抽出，取出；驶出；撤退，退出

[举例] The car that fell into the river was pulled out by a crane. 那两掉到河里的汽车被起重机拉了出来。

The boat pulled out into the middle of the river. 那只船划出到了河中央。

I arrived as the last train was pulling out. 我到达时，末辆列车刚刚开出。

The project became so expensive that we had to pull out. 这个计划耗资太大，我们只好退出。

11. count out 逐一数出

[举例] The old lady counted out thirty pence and gave it to the shop assistant. 老太太一个个数出三十便士给了售货员。

（五）句子

1. That’s the very gentleman I’ve been telling you about. 这就是我刚刚对你说起的那位老先生。

这里的very做形容词，起强调作用，表示“正是那个”，常与the, this, that等连用，后面名词常有修饰成分。如，

That’s the very room where Lu Xun was born. 这正是鲁迅出生的房间。

2. I hope there are more stores where he can go and his share. 我希望能有更多他能去并得到他那一份的商店。

a lot 用在more前起加强程度的作用。类似的词和词组还有much, far, a little等。如，

Could you walk a little more slowly? 你能不能走慢一点？

3. Probably he had come down in the world and this sampling was all that left from the time he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding. 很可能他已经家道败落。从前他是有钱来购买最喜欢的补丁的，而今却只能来品尝一下味道了。

“the time he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding” 是讲老人过去的情况，the time后面省掉了关系词when或that。

4. The elderly gentleman …, accepted the spoon and began eagerly to sample one after another of the puddings, only breaking off occasionally to wipe his red eyes with a large torn handkerchief. 这位老者接过勺子并迫不及待地一个接一个地品尝布丁，只是偶尔停下来用一张破旧的大手帕擦一擦他红红的眼睛。

本句中eagerly放在began之后，而不是在句末，是为了保持句子平衡。 “breaking off …”是现在分词做状语，表示伴随。

5. He jumped off as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face. 他后退了几步，好像被什么东西螫了一下似的，他那满是皱纹的脸唰地红了。

as if / as though 引导方式状语从句，常用虚拟语气。如，

He orders me about as if he were my boss. 他把我差来差去，就好像是我的老板似的。

6. With more dignity than I would have thought possible considering his appearance, “I do not believe I have the pleasure of knowing you…” 其神态之高傲，远非我根据其外表所能想象得出：“我想我并不认识您，…”

1) 句中than在其引导的从句中作thought的宾语，possible为宾语补足语。有时than也可在句中作主语。如，

Some people earn more money than can be spent. 有些人挣钱太多，花都花不完。

2) considering可以看作是一个介词，它是从独立主格we

considering演变而来。其后可接名词，that从句或疑问词引导的从句。如，

He did very well in his exams considering that he had studied so little / how little he had studied. 他学得很少，就此而言，他考得很不错了。

3) have the pleasure of doing something 有幸….。这种说法比较正式、严肃。老人用这种句型说明他在有意(或者是无意)地他自己是个受过良好教育，有较高社会地位的人。这种结构中pleasure后不用不定式。如，

May I have the pleasure of dancing with you? 我能荣幸地请你跳舞吗？

同义辨析

1. choose, select, pick, opt (for), elect

a. choose选择，挑选。指以自己的判断力或依一定的标准从众多人或事物中挑出最为满意的；尤指在两者之中选择其一。一般用语；

b. select 选择，挑选。指经过考虑后从许多同类事物中仔细认真地进行取舍。语气较强，较庄重；

c. pick 与select意思相近，但不如select正式；

d. opt (for)所指的选择对象是行动而不是项目，且有权衡利弊之意；

e. elect 选举，推选。指以一定的法律程序，用投票或其它的选择方式推举出代表或负责人。

[举例] She chose the red sweater rather than the pink one. 她选中那件红毛衣而不要那件粉红的。

Our shops select only the very best quality produce. 我们商店都是精选的质量最高的产品。

Who are you going to pick for the team? 你打算挑谁参加这个队？

Most people opt for buying their own homes rather than renting them. 大多数人愿意买房子而不愿意租房子。

We elected James (to be) chairman. 我们选出詹姆斯当主席。

2. suspect, doubt

a. suspect 猜测，猜想，怀疑，多半对发生或存在事情较为肯定，趋向于猜想，认为。可跟名词、that 从句等（具体用法参见学习误区警示）；

b. doubt 怀疑，不相信，一般含有否定的意思，指怀疑某种事物的存在或发生，也指怀疑某人的话是否真实可靠。doubt在肯定的陈述句里只能接if, whether等引导的从句；只有在疑问句和否定句中才接that从句。

c. suspect也可表示怀疑，后面直接跟宾语，这时可以与doubt互换。

[举例] I suspect / doubt the truth of his report. 我怀疑他报告的真实性。

I suspect him of stealing the pen.

I doubt whether he will return the book. 我怀疑他是否还能还这本书。

We don’t doubt that he can do a good job of it. 我们相信/不怀疑他能把这件事做好。

3. among, amidst, between

a. among指在两者以上之间，后接可分开的复数意义名词；

b. amidst 后接不可分开具有抽象意义的名词，有被围绕之意；

c. between 多指在两者之间，介于…之间，或指两个以上各自独立的人或事物。

[举例] He found it among a pile of old books. 他是在一堆旧书中找到它的。

Two shots were fired, and amidst the confusion the killers got away. 响了两枪，随后那几个凶手趁着混乱跑掉了。

They hung flags across the street between the houses. 他们把旗子横跨街道悬挂在两边房子中间。

4. advantage, benefit, profit, interest

a. advantage好处，优点，指因地位或处境优越而获得好处和利益；

b. benefit好处，利益，指从事某种活动而直接得到的物质上或精神上的益处；

c. profit 利益，益处。主要是指金钱方面的收益或好处，有时指在精神上获得的有价值的东西；

d. interest 利益，好处，常用复数，与benefit意思相近，但指从事某种活动在精神方面所得到的益处。

[举例] It is an advantage if you know how to type. 如果你会打字，对你会有利。

I got a lot of benefit from learning a foreign language. 从学习外语中我得到许多益处。

He made a profit of five hundred dollars on the deal. 他在那笔交易上获利500美元。

You may not like these suggestions, but it would be in your interest to follow them. 你可能不喜欢这些建议，但遵照执行会对你有利。

学习误区警示

1. suspect的用法提示

1) suspect + 名

2) suspect + 名 + of sth / doing sth

3) suspect +名 + to be 名

4) suspect + that clause

[举例] Do you suspect me?

I suspect the truth of her statement. 我对她那番话的真实性表示怀疑。

He suspected her of taking his money.

I strongly suspect that they are trying to get rid of me. 我强烈地感觉到他们要除掉我。

What she said sounded convincing, but I suspect it to be a lie. 她的话听起来像那么回事，但我认为那是谎话。

2. afford 的用法提示

1) afford 意为“买得起，负担得起；承担得起”时经常与can, could, be able to 连用；

2) afford 后可接动词不定式，不可接动名词；

3) afford 意为“提供，给予”时后可接双宾语。

[举例] Thanks to the success of the business, we could afford a holiday / a new car this year. 多亏生意兴旺，今年我们有钱去度假/去买一辆新车。

I can’t afford three weeks away from work. 我不能三个星期放下工作不干。

I mustn’t annoy my boss because I can’t afford to lose the job. 我可得罪不起老板，因为我舍不得丢掉这份工作。

Television affords pleasure to many. 电视给很多人带来乐趣。

The tree afforded us shelter from the rain. 这棵树为我们提供了避雨的地方。

3. cheat v. 欺骗

[用法] cheat + 名

cheat +at /in/on sth

cheat + 名 + into / (out) of + (doing) sth

[举例] cheat the taxman 欺瞒税务局 cheat death 死里逃生 cheat on / in an exam考试作弊

accuse sb of cheating at cards 指责某人玩纸牌时作弊

The salesman cheated her into buying a fake. 那个推销员骗她买了赝品。

He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了。

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